SS-31

SS-31 (also Elamipretide or Bendavia) is a mitochondrial peptide that acts directly on the cell power plants. It binds specifically to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilises the cristae and restores ATP production. Evidence level 3.

How does SS-31 work?

Unlike MOTS-c, which mainly triggers mitochondrial gene expression and glucose metabolism, SS-31 works purely structurally. It binds to cardiolipin, a lipid found only in the inner mitochondrial membrane that shapes the membrane folds (cristae). Under oxidative stress or ageing, cardiolipin is damaged and energy production collapses. SS-31 stabilises this lipid, restores the membrane structure and drastically lowers the output of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). This sets its mechanism clearly apart from the AMPK switch of MOTS-c.

What is SS-31 used for?

SS-31 is used to reactivate cellular energy production in chronic fatigue, mitochondrial myopathies and age-related decline. The cardiovascular system and the kidneys benefit most, because these organs have the highest mitochondrial density. It is usually reconstituted with about 2 ml BAC water; daily doses often sit at 500–1,000 mcg. Want to save your own notes? Create a free account.

What does the evidence say?

SS-31 is in advanced clinical phases (Phase 2 and 3) - for example for the rare Barth syndrome, chronic heart failure and dry macular degeneration. The data are solid and show excellent tolerability, which is why it is considered one of the most promising compounds in longevity research. Work out volumes and units with the dosage calculator; the FAQ covers the basics.

Note: Educational information, not medical advice. Many of these substances are experimental and not approved for human use.